The Parisian club has now secured the season-opening trophy on fourteen separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the match featuring the French league winners and the French Cup winners after the French winger found the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille fired twice late to take a shock advantage. First, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial leveler in the final moments to send the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for PSG to seal a convincing shootout win.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the last 13 years.